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Ball (Gridiron football)
In Canada and in the United States, the term football refers to a prolate spheroid ball used in the context of playing Gridiron football. Footballs are often made of cow hide leather, as such a material is required in professional and collegiate football. Footballs used in recreation, and in organised youth leagues, may be made of rubber or plastic materials (the high school football rulebooks still allow the inexpensive all-rubber footballs, though they are less common than leather).
==History==
In the 1860s, manufactured inflatable balls were introduced through the innovations of shoemaker Richard Lindon. These were much more regular in shape than the handmade balls of earlier times, making kicking and carrying easier. These early footballs were plum-shaped. 〔http://www.rugbyfootballhistory.com/ball.htm〕
The football changed in 1934, with a rule change that tapered the ball at the ends more and reduced the size around the middle. This new, sleeker ball made it much easier to handle, particularly for passers. 〔http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/footballhistory.html〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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